Technology is an integral part of our lives today, and it is also playing an increasing part in peacekeeping. Peacekeeping missions often operate in situations that can change rapidly. In these cases, it’s crucial to have the appropriate information at the proper moment. With the help of digital maps, satellite images, drones and communication systems, peacekeepers can now gain insight into what is going on on the ground.
This transformation has been acknowledged by the United Nations through its Strategy for the Digital Transformation of UN Peacekeeping(https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/strategy-for-the-digital-transformation-of-un-peacekeeping). The strategy focuses on data, technology and innovation to enhance the effectiveness of operations, increase the safety and security of peacekeepers and support the implementation of mission mandates. The UN’s ongoing digital transformation efforts also focus on improving data management, innovation and digital capabilities in field missions.
One major advantage of technology is that it helps peacekeepers gain a better understanding of an area. Peacekeepers will sometimes be required to operate over a vast space where it is not always feasible to be aware of all that is going on on the ground. They can view locations, roads, key areas and areas where incidents have occurred with the aid of digital maps and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
The Unite Aware platform(https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/strategy-for-the-digital-transformation-of-un-peacekeeping), for instance, collects, manages and visualizes situational-awareness data. It allows peacekeeping personnel to record and share information about incidents, plan and track patrols, and use mapping and data-analysis tools to support operational decision-making
Another technology which could be helpful in peace keeping is the drone. It may be difficult or risky to send peacekeepers directly in some areas. From the air, a drone can provide information about such an area. The UN has highlighted the use of long-range cameras(https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/news/un-launches-strategy-for-digital-transformation-of-peacekeeping), unmanned aerial vehicles and ground surveillance radar as examples of technologies being integrated into peacekeeping operations.
Technology can also enable peacekeepers to detect potential issues early on. For instance, data from field teams, local sources, satellite imagery and other sources can help to provide an impression of a situation becoming perilous. It is hoped that this information is received by peacekeepers quickly, giving them more time to respond. This may be particularly significant in matters relating to the safety of civilians.
Technology also can be helpful in communicating. A peacekeeping mission may involve the cooperation of military, police, civilian and humanitarian personnel. All of them need to share information. This can be easier and faster made with the use of digital communication systems. If an incident occurs, communicating fast can enable the involved teams to grasp the situation and determine what to do next.
But technology has its drawbacks too. There is a limit to how much data can be used to make decisions. Information may be lacking or inaccurate. Technical systems can also malfunction and be subject to cyber threats. Security is also a worry, particularly in the gathering and keeping of information on civilians. The UN’s digital transformation strategy therefore emphasizes responsible use of digital technologies and safeguards against potential risks(https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/strategy-for-the-digital-transformation-of-un-peacekeeping_1p_en_final.pdf).
Human judgement will still be required. Information can be provided by technology, but people need to interpret what the information is. Political, social and cultural contexts are always unique to any conflict. A computer may have a change in an area, but the computer cannot always explain why the change has occurred. That’s why peacekeepers still require experience and human judgment.
Proper training is also important. Peacekeepers must have an understanding of how digital maps, communication systems, data tools and other technologies can be used. Even good technology can be a bad idea if it isn’t used correctly. The UN’s digital transformation efforts therefore include skills development, knowledge exchange and stronger data capabilities across peacekeeping missions(https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/strategy-for-the-digital-transformation-of-un-peacekeeping).
Technology will continue to have a role in peacekeeping in the future. Peacekeepers can also operate more safely and effectively through the use of drones, satellite imagery, digital mapping and improved communication capabilities. However, technology should be a means to an end. Dialogue, trust, cooperation and human decisions still play a role in peacekeeping.
The true value of technology will be found when it’s used appropriately. It can enable peacekeepers to receive information more rapidly, have a clearer picture of the situation and act on issues more rapidly. The final decision, however, should remain with people who can understand the situation and use both information and human judgment.